Key Takeaways
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause health problems, including genital warts and certain types of cancer.
- Persistent infection with high-risk HPV strains is the leading cause of cervical cancer.
- The HPV vaccine is a safe and effective way to prevent infection with the most common cancer-causing HPV types.
- Regular cervical cancer screenings, such as Pap tests and HPV tests, are essential for early detection and treatment.
- Advanced Women's Care of Pittsburgh provides expert, personalized care for women’s health in PA. Schedule an appointment to discuss your HPV and cervical health concerns.
Understanding HPV and Its Impact on Cervical Health
Human papillomavirus, or HPV, is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States. In fact, it's so common that nearly all sexually active people will get it at some point in their lives if they don't get the HPV vaccine. While most HPV infections go away on their own and don't cause any health problems, some can persist and lead to serious conditions, including cervical cancer.
Understanding the link between HPV and cervical cancer is crucial for protecting your health. Regular screenings and vaccination are the most effective tools available for prevention. Advanced Women's Care of Pittsburgh is dedicated to providing comprehensive information and care to help you stay informed and maintain your health.
What is Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?
HPV is not a single virus but a group of more than 200 related viruses. They are categorized as either low-risk or high-risk.
- Low-risk HPV types primarily cause warts on or around the genitals, anus, mouth, or throat. These are rarely linked to cancer.
- High-risk HPV types can cause cancer. At least 14 high-risk types have been identified, with two of these—types 16 and 18—responsible for about 70% of all cervical cancers.
The virus is spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the virus, even if they don't have signs or symptoms. It can also be spread through close skin-to-skin contact during sex.
How Does HPV Cause Cervical Cancer?
When a high-risk HPV infection doesn't clear up on its own, it can cause abnormal cells to develop in the cervix. The cervix is the lower, narrow end of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Over time, these abnormal cells can become precancerous lesions. If left untreated, these lesions can progress to cervical cancer.
This process is usually very slow, often taking 10 to 20 years or more to develop. This long timeline is why regular screening is so effective. Screenings can detect abnormal cells or the presence of high-risk HPV long before cancer develops, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.
Prevention and Screening for HPV and Cervical Cancer
Prevention is your best defense against HPV-related cancers. A combination of vaccination and routine screening provides a powerful strategy for maintaining your cervical health.
The HPV Vaccine: Your First Line of Defense
The HPV vaccine is highly effective at preventing infections with the HPV types that most commonly cause cancer. The CDC recommends the HPV vaccine for everyone ages 9 through 26. Vaccination is most effective when given at ages 11-12, before any exposure to the virus.
If you're between 27 and 45 years old and haven't been vaccinated, you can speak with your doctor at Advanced Women's Care of Pittsburgh to decide if the vaccine is right for you.
Cervical Cancer Screening: Pap and HPV Tests
Regular screenings are vital for detecting cervical abnormalities early. There are two main types of tests used for cervical cancer screening.
| Test Type | What It Detects |
|---|---|
| Pap Test (or Pap Smear) | This test looks for precancerous cell changes on the cervix that might become cervical cancer if they are not treated appropriately. |
| HPV Test | This test looks for the presence of high-risk HPV strains in cervical cells. |
Your healthcare provider can help determine the best screening schedule for you based on your age, health history, and prior test results. Generally, screening starts at age 21 and continues through age 65.
Schedule Your Cervical Health Screening Today
Understanding the connection between HPV and cervical cancer empowers you to take control of your health. With effective vaccines and regular screenings, cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers. Advanced Women's Care of Pittsburgh is here to provide the guidance and care you need.
To discuss your screening options or schedule a visit, book an appointment for our expert gynecological care services.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can you get HPV without being sexually active?
HPV is primarily spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex, as well as intimate skin-to-skin contact. While it is extremely rare, it is possible for the virus to be transmitted in non-sexual ways, but this is not the common route of infection.
Does an HPV infection mean I will get cancer?
No, most HPV infections clear up on their own within two years without causing any health problems. Only persistent infections with high-risk HPV types can lead to the development of cancer, and this process usually takes many years.
What are the symptoms of HPV?
Most people with HPV do not have any symptoms. Some low-risk types may cause genital warts, but high-risk types that can lead to cancer typically show no symptoms until abnormal cells have already developed. This is why regular screening is so important.
How often should I get screened for cervical cancer?
Screening guidelines vary by age and health history. It's best to consult with your healthcare provider at Advanced Women's Care of Pittsburgh to determine a personalized screening schedule that is right for you.
