Key Takeaways
- Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that can affect fertility, conception, and the course of a pregnancy.
- Depending on their size and location, fibroids may interfere with implantation or increase the risk of certain pregnancy complications.
- Treatment options are available for women with fibroids who are trying to conceive or are already pregnant.
- Knowing when to consult a specialist is an important step in protecting your reproductive health.
- Advanced Women's Care of Pittsburgh, P.C. is home to seven board-certified medical professionals who provide expert women's health services in the Pittsburgh area — request an appointment today to discuss your concerns.
Understanding Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are benign (noncancerous) tumors that develop in or around the uterus. They are one of the most common gynecological conditions, affecting up to 70–80% of women by age 50, though many never experience symptoms.
Fibroids vary widely in size, number, and location. Understanding where they develop is key to predicting how they may affect fertility and pregnancy.
Types of Fibroids by Location
| Type | Location | Potential Impact on Pregnancy |
|---|---|---|
| Submucosal | Inside the uterine cavity | Highest risk for fertility and implantation issues |
| Intramural | Within the uterine wall | May distort the cavity or affect blood flow |
| Subserosal | On the outer wall of the uterus | Less likely to affect fertility directly |
| Pedunculated | Attached by a stalk, inside or outside | Varies; may twist and cause pain during pregnancy |
How Fibroids Affect Fertility and Conception
Many women with fibroids conceive without difficulty. However, fibroids in certain locations — particularly submucosal fibroids — can make conception more challenging.
Ways Fibroids May Interfere With Getting Pregnant
- Blocking the fallopian tubes: Fibroids near the openings of the fallopian tubes can prevent sperm from reaching the egg.
- Distorting the uterine cavity: When fibroids change the shape of the uterus, a fertilized egg may have difficulty implanting successfully.
- Affecting blood flow: Some fibroids may reduce blood flow to the uterine lining, making implantation less likely.
- Altering cervical mucus: Submucosal fibroids can change the environment of the uterus in ways that affect sperm transport.
That said, the relationship between fibroids and infertility is complex.Fibroids are thought to be a sole cause of infertility in only a small percentage of cases. A thorough evaluation is necessary to determine whether fibroids are contributing to difficulty conceiving.
Potential Pregnancy Complications Caused by Fibroids
For women who do become pregnant with fibroids, most will carry to term without significant problems. However, fibroids during pregnancy can increase the risk of certain complications, including:
- Miscarriage: Submucosal fibroids, in particular, have been associated with a higher risk of early pregnancy loss.
- Preterm labor and delivery: Large fibroids may contribute to early contractions or preterm birth.
- Placental abruption: Fibroids may affect where the placenta attaches, potentially increasing the risk of separation before delivery.
- Fetal malpresentation: Fibroids can take up space in the uterus, making it harder for the baby to move into the proper position for birth.
- Cesarean delivery (C-section): Women with fibroids are more likely to deliver by C-section, especially if fibroids are large or blocking the birth canal.
- Postpartum hemorrhage: Fibroids can interfere with the uterus's ability to contract properly after delivery, which may lead to heavy bleeding.
It's important to note that many women with fibroids during pregnancy experience none of these complications. Close monitoring by an experienced OB-GYN team makes a significant difference in outcomes.
Treatment Options for Fibroids Before Pregnancy
If fibroids are affecting your ability to conceive or you are planning a pregnancy, treatment may be recommended. The right approach depends on the size, number, and location of the fibroids, as well as your overall reproductive goals.
Non-Surgical Options
- Watchful waiting: For small fibroids that aren't causing symptoms or blocking conception, monitoring may be recommended.
- Hormonal medications: Certain medications, such as GnRH agonists, may temporarily shrink fibroids before a surgical procedure or pregnancy attempt.
Surgical Options
- Myomectomy: This procedure removes fibroids while preserving the uterus and is often recommended for women who want to conceive. It can be performed through several approaches, including laparoscopic, hysteroscopic, or open (abdominal) surgery.
- Hysteroscopic resection: A minimally invasive option for removing submucosal fibroids inside the uterine cavity.
The team at Advanced Women's Care of Pittsburgh will evaluate your specific situation and help you understand which options are appropriate for your fertility goals.
Managing Fibroids During Pregnancy
If you are already pregnant with fibroids, the focus shifts to careful monitoring and symptom management. Treatment during pregnancy is generally avoided unless absolutely necessary. Your provider may recommend:
- More frequent ultrasounds to monitor fibroid size and fetal development
- Pain management if fibroids cause discomfort (a condition sometimes called 'red degeneration')
- Bed rest in cases where fibroids are contributing to preterm labor risk
- Delivery planning to account for fibroid location and potential C-section need
When to Consult a Specialist for Fertility Concerns
You should speak with a women's health specialist if:
- You have been trying to conceive for 12 months (or 6 months if you are over 35) without success
- You have a known history of fibroids and are planning a pregnancy
- You've had a miscarriage, particularly more than one
- You are experiencing heavy periods, pelvic pain, or pressure that may be related to fibroids
- A previous pregnancy involved complications that may have been fibroid-related
Early evaluation can lead to earlier intervention and better outcomes for both fertility and pregnancy.
Don't Let Fibroids Stand Between You and Your Family Goals
Fibroids can affect fertility and pregnancy in a variety of ways, but with the right care, many women go on to have healthy pregnancies. Understanding your options — and working with an experienced provider — is the most important step you can take.
Advanced Women's Care of Pittsburgh offers comprehensive women's health services and personalized care for every stage of your reproductive journey. Request an appointment today to speak with one of our board-certified providers about fibroids, fertility, and your path forward.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can fibroids cause infertility?
Fibroids can contribute to infertility in some cases, particularly when they distort the uterine cavity or block the fallopian tubes. However, fibroids are the sole cause of infertility in only a small percentage of women. A full fertility evaluation is needed to determine what role, if any, fibroids are playing.
Can I get pregnant with fibroids?
Yes — many women with fibroids conceive and deliver healthy babies without any complications. The impact of fibroids on pregnancy depends largely on their size, number, and location. A specialist can help you assess your individual situation.
Are there women's health services near me for fibroid treatment in Pittsburgh?
Advanced Women's Care of Pittsburgh, P.C. provides expert fibroid evaluation and treatment for women throughout the Pittsburgh area, including McMurray, PA. Their team of board-certified OB-GYN providers can help you understand your options and create a personalized care plan.
Should fibroids be removed before trying to get pregnant?
Not always. Whether fibroid removal is recommended before conception depends on the size and location of the fibroids and your reproductive history. Some fibroids don't require treatment before pregnancy, while others — particularly submucosal fibroids — may be removed to improve fertility outcomes.
How to deal with fibroids during pregnancy?
Management of fibroids during pregnancy typically involves close monitoring through ultrasound, pain management if needed, and careful delivery planning. Your OB-GYN team will guide you through each trimester with attention to both your health and your baby's development.
